{"id":2358,"date":"2016-04-21T10:25:07","date_gmt":"2016-04-21T07:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.lnb.lt\/lituanistika\/?p=2358"},"modified":"2016-04-21T10:32:13","modified_gmt":"2016-04-21T07:32:13","slug":"xvi-a-baltarusijos-testamentai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.lnb.lt\/lituanistika\/2016\/04\/21\/xvi-a-baltarusijos-testamentai\/","title":{"rendered":"XVI a. LDK testamentai"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pareng\u0117 Vytautas Smilgevi\u010dius<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\"testamenty\"\u00a0Testamentai \u2013 \u00a0retai skelbiama dokument\u0173 r\u016b\u0161is. O juk tai vienas \u012fdomiausi\u0173 istorijos \u0161altini\u0173, beveik fotografi\u0161kai tiksliai parodantis \u017emogaus \u0161eimynin\u0119, turtin\u0119 pad\u0117t\u012f, istorijos proces\u0173 \u012ftak\u0105 toms pad\u0117tims.<\/p>\n

2012 m. Baltarusijos mokslininkai pareng\u0117 ir i\u0161leido knyg\u0105 \u0422\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u0442\u044b \u0456 \u043c\u044f\u0448\u0447\u0430\u043d \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0456 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0425V\u0406 \u0441\u0442. (\u0437 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043d\u0456\u0433 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u044b\u044f\u043d\u0430\u043b’\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0433\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0432\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0456)<\/em> \u2013 \u00a0XVI\u00a0a. Baltarusijos \u0161l\u0117kt\u0173 ir miestel\u0117n\u0173 testamentai (i\u0161 Baltarusijos istorijos archyvo akt\u0173 knyg\u0173<\/em>).\u00a0 Kanceliarine slav\u0173, re\u010diau lenk\u0173 kalba sura\u0161ytuose 116\u00a0testament\u0173, para\u0161yt\u0173 1568\u20111600\u00a0m., matome to meto pasaul\u012f.<\/p>\n

Pirmasis ir nei\u0161vengiamas asmuo testamentuose \u2013 Dievas. Jam (po ilgok\u0173 filosofini\u0173 min\u010di\u0173 apie mirties nei\u0161vengiamum\u0105) pavedama testatoriaus siela, Jo pra\u0161oma globoti antr\u0105sias sutuoktini\u0173 puses, ma\u017eame\u010dius vaikus.<\/p>\n

Po to dalijamas nekilnojamas turtas: namai, kaimai, sodybos, tarp j\u0173 \u2013\u00a0 ir dvarai \u017demaitijoje, ir namai Vilniuje. \u012evardijamos ir \u017emoni\u0173 kainos: valstietis, tur\u0117j\u0119s pus\u0119 valako \u017eem\u0117s, buvo \u012fkeistas u\u017e 4\u00a0kapas gra\u0161i\u0173. Kartais testamentu s\u0105lygin\u0119 laisv\u0119 baud\u017eiauninkams suteikdavo \u2013 jei kas nor\u0117si\u0105 i\u0161 testatoriaus dvaro i\u0161eiti, lai paveld\u0117tojai netrukdo. Turtingesni palikdavo juvelyrikos: brangi\u0173j\u0173 akmen\u0173 (deimant\u0173, rubin\u0173, safyr\u0173, turkio, balt\u0173j\u0173 ir juod\u0173j\u0173 perl\u0173), papuo\u0161al\u0173 \u00a0(viena grandin\u0117l\u0117 sv\u0117r\u0117 ~455\u00a0g\u00a0aukso). Vyrams likdavo \u0161arv\u0173, \u0161alt\u0173j\u0173 ir \u0161aunam\u0173j\u0173 ginkl\u0173, turki\u0161k\u0173 baln\u0173, kovai tinkam\u0173 \u017eirg\u0173.<\/p>\n

Turtus reik\u0117jo skai\u010diuoti, da\u017en\u0105 daikt\u0105 \u2013 \u012fvertinti. \u012ekainodavo lietuvi\u0161kais gra\u0161iais, kapomis (60) gra\u0161i\u0173, re\u010diau \u2013 lenki\u0161kais zlotais, taleriais, dukatais (vert\u0117 ~150\u00a0gra\u0161i\u0173). Numizmatams \u0161i informacija \u012fdomi: taip galime lengvai su\u017einoti pinig\u0173 vert\u0119 \u012fvairiais laikais.<\/p>\n

Ne visi\u00a0 testamentai vienodi. 1596\u00a0Polocko miestiet\u0117 palieka artimiesiems 4\u00a0avis, 2\u00a0kiaules, 3\u00a0kailinius, 1\u00a0katil\u0105, 2\u00a0l\u0117k\u0161tes ir prikaistuv\u012f: sunku palyginti su 1580\u00a0Mohiliovo pirklio testamentu, minin\u010diu brangias prekes, nuo spalvot\u0173 \u0161ilk\u0173 iki druskos.<\/p>\n

\u0160i knyga, be abejo, bus \u012fdomi visiems, besidomintiems LDK istorija \u2013 joje, tarsi albume, matome pra\u0117jusi\u0173 am\u017ei\u0173 \u017emones su j\u0173 mintimis ir turtais.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pareng\u0117 Vytautas Smilgevi\u010dius \u00a0Testamentai \u2013 \u00a0retai skelbiama dokument\u0173 r\u016b\u0161is. O juk tai vienas \u012fdomiausi\u0173 istorijos \u0161altini\u0173, beveik fotografi\u0161kai tiksliai parodantis \u017emogaus \u0161eimynin\u0119, turtin\u0119 pad\u0117t\u012f, istorijos proces\u0173 \u012ftak\u0105 toms pad\u0117tims. 2012 m. Baltarusijos mokslininkai pareng\u0117 ir i\u0161leido knyg\u0105 \u0422\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u0442\u044b \u0456 \u043c\u044f\u0448\u0447\u0430\u043d \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0456 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0425V\u0406 \u0441\u0442. (\u0437 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043d\u0456\u0433 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u044b\u044f\u043d\u0430\u043b’\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0433\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0432\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0456) \u2013 \u00a0XVI\u00a0a. … Toliau skaityti „XVI a. LDK testamentai”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,659],"tags":[635,549,119,1401,1399,1397],"class_list":["post-2358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nauji-leidiniai","category-naujienos-lt","tag-baltarusija","tag-knygos","tag-ldk","tag-miestelenai","tag-slektos","tag-testamentai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lnb.lt\/lituanistika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lnb.lt\/lituanistika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lnb.lt\/lituanistika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lnb.lt\/lituanistika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lnb.lt\/lituanistika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2358"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lnb.lt\/lituanistika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2358\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lnb.lt\/lituanistika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2358"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lnb.lt\/lituanistika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2358"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lnb.lt\/lituanistika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}